IEEE Spectrum on MSN

Pebble brings open wearables to your wrist (or finger)

Pebble’s big CES 2026 reveal was the Pebble Round 2, a smartwatch with a 1.3-inch circular e-paper display. It ditches some ...
The IslandOpinion

Let children touch science and mathematics

During my visits to several schools in villages and nearby semi-urban areas, I encountered a troubling contradiction at the ...
IEEE

Influence of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function in Estimating Basic Soil Properties Using Airborne Hyperspectral Data

Abstract: Recent studies on hyperspectral remote sensing (HSR) have shown that the estimation accuracy of different vegetation characteristics improves when the HSR data are corrected for the ...
IEEE

A Phenomenological Polarized Spectral Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Based on Spectral and Spatial Dependence

Abstract: The polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) model not only quantifies radiation intensity, but also effectively describes the polarization characteristics of the ...