Many healthcare providers feel that UPIC audits often fall short, with flawed sampling and extrapolation techniques that dramatically exaggerate overpayment findings, exposing providers to undue ...

One of the coolest things about generative AI models — both large language models (LLMs) and diffusion-based image generators — is that they are "non-deterministic." That is, despite their reputation ...

As an independent nonprofit, the Internet Archive is fighting for universal access to quality information. We build and maintain all our own systems, but we don’t charge for access, sell user ...

ABSTRACT: Chronic starvation of the communities on the water invested projects is due to the partial or unfinished project which leads to the closure or non-sustainable water projects. The closure or ...

This technical note covers household surveys with a focus on probability sampling, bias, and survey weights. It explains how households are selected in a representative way from a population for a ...

Comparison of probability (simple random sampling) and non-probability sampling (convenience sampling) methods. R code for simulating a convenient sample, simple random sample, and compare bias and ...

Pew Research Center designed this study to assess the current state of online survey sampling methods – both probability-based and opt-in – and determine their accuracy on general population estimates ...

Abstract: Capturing multimodal natures is essential for stochastic pedestrian trajectory prediction, to infer a finite set of future trajectories. The inferred trajectories are based on observation ...