Find a string. Really. Do it. Now twist, tie and tangle it as much as you like. Finally, attach the two loose ends of your string together to make a closed loop. (This is a crucial step.) What you ...

Knot theory is the mathematical branch of topology that studies mathematical knots, which are defined as embeddings of a circle in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, R3. This is basically equivalent to a ...

Virtual Knot Theory extends classical knot theory by incorporating virtual crossings alongside traditional over‐ and under‐crossings. Originating from Kauffman’s work in the late 20th century, the ...