tRNAs have a distinct cloverleaf secondary structure and an L-shaped tertiary structure. The cloverleaf structure is formed by the folding of the single-stranded tRNA molecule, which is typically ...

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitous enzymes that provide the critical link between the genetic code and protein biosynthesis. By precisely catalysing the attachment of amino acids to ...

The ribosome, that protein-making machine, relies on other, smaller machines. For example, it works in concert with a mechanism that supplies amino-acid-carrying tRNAs, including tRNAs that require ...

Collaborative research by the University of Tokyo and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research has led to the development of a new method for simultaneously synthesizing all transfer RNA (tRNA) ...

Archaeosine is synthesized via three steps in tRNA. ArcS, the second-step enzyme, transfers a lysine to preQ 0, which is introduced into tRNA by ArcTGT, the first-step enzyme. The resultant preQ 0-Lys ...

The process of 'translation' in protein synthesis involves formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids that are attached to two distinct transfer RNAs (tRNAs). For long, scientists have been ...

The synthesis of archaeosine involves multiple steps, with the first step introducing a preQ 0 base into tRNA via ArcTGT. In the second step, ArcS transfers an amino acid, lysine, to the preQ 0 base ...

EXPORT MECHANISM: The tRNA must mature inside the nucleus before export. tRNAs are aminoacylated, and only tRNAs charged with an amino acid are exported efficiently. Export occurs when the tRNA is ...

With the principles of molecular biology very much in the zeitgeist these days, we thought it would be handy to provide some sort of visual aid to help our readers understand the complex molecular ...

During protein synthesis, the genetic information stored in DNA is first transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA then travels to the ribosome, where translation occurs. Here's how anticodons facilitate the ...

Every cell depends on proteins to function and stay healthy. These proteins are made inside the cell from amino acids, but cannot simply accumulate inside the cell forever. Once they have done their ...