Femtosecond lasers are turning nanostructures into a new kind of thermal hardware, where heat can be sculpted almost as precisely as light. By carving periodic patterns and buried modifications into ...

a, Multi-beam optical fields with controllable laser flux distribution. b, Fabrication of photonic crystals with complex spatial structures. c. Raman spectra measurement and X-ray photoelectron ...

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional integrated multichannel waveguide grating filter: (a) 1:1 planar beam splitter, (b) 1:1 three-dimensional beam splitter, (c) waveguide gratings ...

Glass! It’s a finicky thing. Strong as hell, yet chip it and glance at it the wrong way, and you’re left with a bunch of sharp rubbish. It’s at once adored for its clarity and smoothness, and decried ...