Synonymous mutations have long been ignored in cancer studies since they don’t affect the amino acid sequences of proteins. But research increasingly reveals that they can have disease-driving effects ...

DNA has to be interpreted by cells. The letters or bases that make up genetic sequences are read in sets of three, and those three-base sequences are known as codons. Every codon encodes for one amino ...

Genetic disorders — like cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s disease — are considered incurable, with gene mutations occurring in essentially every cell of the body. Gene mutations occur when one ...

For a long time, evolutionary biologists have thought that the genetic mutations that drive the evolution of genes and proteins are largely neutral: they're neither good nor bad, but just ordinary ...