A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) lets us express the relationship between signal and noise powers, as well as between the root-mean-square (rms) values of signal and noise voltages: SNR (dB) = ...

Many noise sources can plague high-speed radio-frequency (RF) analog signal chains, making design considerations that much more challenging. Both megahertz and sub-terahertz sampling-rate converters ...

Digital transition switching is the primary cause of noise in mixed-signal devices. Signal noise and immunity to power, ground, and substrate noise all benefit from using differential circuits. Design ...

Reports on the recent Target and Neiman Marcus breaches have indicated that, in both cases, there were numerous alerts fired as a result of the intrusion activity. Yet, according to news accounts, the ...

Oscillator drift remains one of the most critical threats to precision timing in high-performance communication systems. In ...

Noise is the real enemy of data communications. Whenever electrons travel over a wire or radiate through space, they generate some electromagnetic noise. Therefore, whenever a data signal is sent ...