2 Department of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 3 Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 4 Department of Physical ...

Background The scapula has an important role for mobility and functional stability in the shoulder joint. The invasive methods of scapula tracking cannot be performed in clinical practice and the ...

Scapular kinematics and muscle activity are fundamental aspects of shoulder function and rehabilitation. The scapula serves not only as a base for multiple muscular attachments but also as a dynamic ...

The scapula has its own set of joint actions: The shoulder girdle has a set of joint actions specific to motion of the scapula. Although this may seem like just another set of confusing terms to ...