Faults such as opens, shorts, or mismatches can be precisely located along the length of a cable by using a time-domain reflectometer. This device launches a rectangular pulse toward the cable's end ...
This circuit is from Tomi Engdahl's page. It describes a nifty little TDR that, when combined with a regular oscilloscope, can be used to find discontinuities on long runs of cables. This circuit is ...