1. Bob Pease used an LM334 current source to servo the current from a PNP transistor through an LED diode. The LM334 will draw current into its V+ pin until the voltage on the R pin reaches 0.068 V.

This Design Idea is a two-wire current regulator that strikes a good balance between performance and parts count. Employing three transistors, three resistors, and one LED, it achieves good regulation ...

The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

Diodes has introduced a series of low saturation npn and pnp bipolar transistors optimised for automotive power switching and control. “With BVceo up to 100V, continuous current to 10A – and 20A peak ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...

Researchers have developed a single-atom transistor, the world's smallest. This quantum electronics component switches electrical current by controlled repositioning of a single atom, now also in the ...