My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Differential ports make possible the recovery of signals mixed with common-mode noise, and the use of such ports gives rise to the need for measuring common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). Circuit blocks ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

An electronic circuit that amplifies the difference between two voltages. With one regular input and one inverting input (+ becomes -, - becomes +), it multiplies the difference by a constant factor.

If you’ve ever wondered why an op amp has the little plus and minus symbols on it, its because at the heart of it, the device is a differential amplifier. The problem is that — ideally, at least — it ...

Though sometimes taken for granted, designers shouldn’t overlook the intricacies of voltage- and current-feedback op amps—integral players in the analog and mixed-signal worlds. Op amps amplify tiny ...