Carol Boston says “Black and Wiliam (1998b) define assessment broadly to include all activities that teachers and students undertake to get information that can be used diagnostically to alter ...

Evidence is gathered about student achievement or understanding. The information allows the instructor or learner to alter future instructional steps. It is done to improve learning outcomes (Black & ...

Formative assessments are tools used during instruction to provide real-time feedback, helping both students and educators make immediate improvements. Unlike summative assessments, which evaluate ...

Tests are king in many school systems and other educational environments: they are seen as an efficient way to assess what knowledge students have retained, and how well they do on a level playing ...

There are countless ways to assess students. Speaking broadly, two key assessment categories are “summative” and “formative”. Summative assessment, often the most popular one, aims to measure how much ...

Grading can be one of the banes of a teacher’s existence. An added complication can be when an English-language learner is in a “mainstream” content-subject class—what are the best ways a teacher can ...