This is the “conjunction fallacy” and was first discovered by Tversky and Kahneman (1983) who found that 85 percent of their respondents incoherently rated 1 as more probable than 2. A conjunction ...

Animals, like humans, appear to be troubled by a Linda problem. The famous “Linda problem” was designed by psychologists to illustrate how people fall prey to what is known as the conjunction fallacy: ...

There are many different ways to assess discrimination. My last post reviewed three recent papers, which use a range of methods, and found discrimination to be a relatively rare exception rather than ...