Recent work has considerably advanced the definition, identification and estimation of controlled direct, and natural direct and indirect effects in causal mediation analysis. Despite the various ...

Our foray into causal analysis is not yet complete. Until we define the methods of causal inference, we can't get to the deeper insights that causal analysis can provide. This article details many of ...

In the article that accompanies this editorial, Lu et al 5 conducted a systematic review on the use of instrumental variable (IV) methods in oncology comparative effectiveness research. The main ...

A new theoretical framework argues that the long-standing split between computational functionalism and biological naturalism misses how real brains actually compute.

We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...