At the heart of a clocking device is the phased-locked loop (PLL). A key part of the PLL is the loop filter, which converts correction currents from the PLL charge pump into a control voltage for the ...
One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...
The LC output filters of Class-D audio amplifiers can be simplified if overall feedback is applied to the amplifier – ‘after‑filter’ feedback. Stabilising such systems is notoriously complex. Step ...
Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...
An important task for a digital communications receiver is to remove any frequency/phase offsets that might exist between the transmitter and receiver oscillators. Designers typically implement a ...
In designing a simple spectroscopy setup, we needed to synchronize the speed of a small, inexpensive dc motor precisely to 6000 rpm (100 Hz). Our first idea was to take a phase-frequency detector type ...
This article discusses the various control mechanisms for MEMS Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVG), and how they can be applied with the commercial off-the-shelf HF2LI Lock-in Amplifier. A MEMS ...
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