Pain in animals is typically assessed using reflexive and physiological responses. These measures allow inferences regarding nociception but provide little basis for conclusions about the affective ...
Synthese, Vol. 197, No. 10, Special Issue on The Metaphysics of Entanglement (October 2020), pp. 4617-4636 (20 pages) The aim of this paper is to defend, and in so doing clarify, the claim that the ...
Affective pain leads to inhibition of dopamine neurons decreasing motivation, but it can be restored. Washington University in St. Louis (MI, USA) researchers have uncovered the neuronal circuitry in ...
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