Most commercial LED flashlightsuse three AAA or AA batteriesin series that produce 4.5V. The batteriesthen drive four white LEDs that connectin parallel. These LEDs can workat voltages as low as 2.7V ...
This is probably the simplest idea to generate flashing light from an LED using AC. The circuit is relatively the simple way of flashing one or more LEDs from a high voltage DC obtained from Mains.